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Datenportabilität und ihre Umsetzung

The right to data portability will be introduced, as a first for Switzerland, with the revised Swiss Data Protection Act. Inspired by the GDPR but with a “Swiss finish”, data subjects may (if certain conditions are met) request the controller to transfer “their” personal data to them or another controller. However, a number of questions remain open, for example: Which type of data is subject to…

Die Strafbestimmungen des neuen DSG

As soon as the revised Swiss Federal Act on Data Protection (DPA) will come into force, the cantonal prosecuting authorities will be entitled to impose heavy fines of up to CHF 250 000 on the person responsible for non-compliant behavior. While this may seem to be a low figure compared to the high figures provided for by the GDPR, the fines under the revised DPA are of personal nature and may not…

Big Data and the Law: a holistic analysis based on a three-step approach – Mapping property-like rights, their exceptions and licensing practices

Given Big Data’s increasing importance, it seems important to develop a clear and coherent body of law and to organize the different relationships among all stakeholders and legal regimes that grant different property-like rights. There are already numerous studies on the interactions between Big Data and intellectual property and/or privacy, but less that map all legal regimes, including the…

Daten als Entgelt

The use of personal data as payment means in con­tractual relations is an economic reality that does not contradict the legal framework. In exchange for digital content a data subject may provide personal data to the supplier agreeing to have used them for further data processing. Under Swiss law, such kind of values’ exchange can be qualified as innominate contract that encompasses continuing…

Europareport

Nach der am 6. Februar 2019 von der Kommission verfügten Untersagung der geplanten Zusammenschlüsse Wieland–Aurubis im Bereich der Kupferindustrie und Siemens–Alstom im Bereich der Schienenfahrzeuge und Eisenbahnsignaltechnik ist eine neue wettbewerbspolitische Diskussion entfacht um die Sinnhaftigkeit nationaler bzw. europäischer Champions. Befürworter der Stärkung nationaler Anbieter, die im…

Auf dem Weg zu einer digitalen Wettbewerbsordnung – Reaktionen des deutschen Gesetzgebers

Germany changed the Act against Restraints of Competition in 2017, partly in order to give a regulatory answer to the changes of the digital economy. The legislator answered to multi-sided markets with network effects, data-driven business models and the rise of «super platforms». Reforms related to the definition of market and the criteria for market power. A new merger threshold was introduced…

«Gute Praxis» der Unternehmensführung: Was gehört sich und was funktioniert?

The legal means influencing the practice of the board are very largely the rules on director’s liability. The case law of the Federal Court has recently made these rules more efficient and more foreseeable through the development of a Swiss version of the Business Judgement Rule (BJR). They could be further improved if the Courts were to integrate Corporate Governance models in the BJR condition…

Stimmrechtsaktien und andere bevorzugte Aktien

There are many ways to grant privileges to specific categories of shareholders and one can distinguish between financial privileges and privileged voting rights in the general assembly of all shareholders. In future, this is to remain unchanged, and accordingly the November 2016 draft of Swiss Law on corporations does not propose any decisive modifications. With regards to the new rules for…

Vinkulierung an der Bruchstelle zwischen kotierter Gesellschaft und nicht kotierten Aktionären

This article contains a selective analysis of the current system of share transfer restrictions (Vinkulierung), in particular with regard to the scope of application of the relevant provisions in relation to direct and indirect investments in publicly held companies, that has raised public interest in connection with the “Sika”-case. The authors illustrate the current state of established…

Wer kontrolliert die Aktiengesellschaft?

In Switzerland as in other countries, there is a perennial debate relating to the question of who controls a listed company, and whose interests a corporation should serve: the largest shareholders, minority shareholders, or other stakeholders? And what is the influence of management or the recent phenomenon of proxy advisors on decision-making in listed companies? The author analyzes the issues…