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Editorial

The present issue of the Swiss Review of Business and Financial Market Law marks the end of a fateful year for Switzerland in general and the Swiss financial center in particular. The demise of…

Floating Charge as Security in Debt Finance Transactions

The granting of security by the way of a floating charge is a common law concept which allows the entirety of a company’s assets to be used as collateral. Borrowers and lenders profit from this highly flexible means of providing a comprehensive security interest in debt finance transactions. This article examines whether the concept of floating charge is recognized under Swiss law or not. For…

Die Registrierungsvereinbarung – insbesondere bei tokenisierten Forderungsrechten

The registration agreement links a certain right to a token or other informational unit on a distributed ledger. In doing so, the issuer creates a ledger-based security, which is an instrument of public faith equivalent to a bearer or «ordre» security and features scriptural legality. The article examines the function and securities law context of the registration agreement, including…

Das Finanzmarktaufsichtsrecht vom vierten Quartal 2021 bis ins vierte Quartal 2022

Ohne Vertrauen keine funktionsfähige Gemeinschaft! Was für Staat und Gesellschaft gilt, gilt auch für Unternehmen und deren Mitarbeitende auf allen Stufen. Das unternehmensinterne Kontrollumfeld trägt diesem Umstand Rechnung, was sich in einer angemessenen Breite und Tiefe der Kontrollen ausdrücken muss, ohne die Mitarbeitenden auf Schritt und Tritt zu überwachen. Die Enttäuschung von…

Der Limited Qualified Investor Fund (L-QIF) – Ein neuer Stern am Schweizer Fondshimmel?

The Swiss Federal Council (Bundesrat) recently submitted a bill to Parliament to amend the Collective Investment Schemes Act in order to introduce a new Swiss fund category – the Limited Qualified Investment Fund (L-QIF). Inspired by Luxembourg’s Reserved Alternative Investment Fund (RAIF), the L-QIF, other than the existing Swiss fund products, shall be exempt from FINMA approval and supervision…

Das Finanzmarktaufsichtsrecht vom vierten Quartal 2020 bis ins vierte Quartal 2021

Nachhaltige Finanzanlagen erfreuen sich stark steigender Nachfrage.¹ Wo viel Business ist, ist der Missbrauch oftmals nicht weit. Angesichts der derzeitigen hohen Intransparenz, ob und inwiefern einzelne Finanzanlagen gewisse Nachhaltigkeitskriterien erfüllen, hat der Finanzminister schon öffentlich gewarnt: «Die Gefahr von Greenwashing ist gross.»² Dementsprechend besteht seitens der…

Die schleichende Erodierung des Bankkundengeheimnisses

This article shows how Swiss banking secrecy, which was primarily intended to protect privacy and was enshrined in law in response to the banking crisis of 1931, has been gradually eroded under increasing international pressure and adapted to international standards. In stark contrast to this, it continues to be valid at home. However, the existing legal obligations to inform and report to the…

Das Finanzmarktaufsichtsrecht vom vierten Quartal 2019 bis ins vierte Quartal 2020

Die FINMA ist verpflichtet, sich an strategischen Zielen zu orientieren.¹ 2021 bricht die nächste dreijährige Strategieperiode an; der Bundesrat hat die Ziele im November 2020 genehmigt.² Aus den strategischen Zielen ergeben sich die Leitlinien für die operative Tätigkeit der FINMA. Erstmals finden sich in einem separaten Dokument zu den einzelnen strategischen Zielen «Schwerpunkte der Umsetzung…

Licht und Schatten der geplanten Reform der Einlagensicherung

The Swiss deposit insurance scheme is currently under review. In spring 2019, the Federal Council proposed a reform of the existing scheme and conducted a public consultation. In their comments, the…

Das Finanzmarktaufsichtsrecht vom vierten Quartal 2018 bis ins vierte Quartal 2019

Die «Eidgenössische Finanzmarktaufsicht (FINMA)»¹ wurde auf den 1. Januar 2009 aus der Taufe gehoben² bei widrigen Umständen. Die Grossbank UBS war in Schieflage und einer ihrer ehemaligen Top-Manager Präsident der FINMA. Die neue Behörde war zunächst bloss formell neu, weil sie aus drei Vorgängerbehörden geformt wurde: Eidgenössische Bankenkommission (EBK), Bundesamt für Privatversicherungen …

Ursachen der Finanzkrise und seitherige Regulierungsentwicklung

A number of causes have triggered the crisis such as subprime mortgage loans in the US, the lack of regulation of derivatives and also remuneration systems which set wrong incentives. The crisis lead to the abolishment of the banking secrecy at the international level. It was replaced by the automatic exchange of information in tax matters which is now the standard. The crisis initiated the…

Die Rolle der Zentralbanken – 10 Jahre nach der Finanzkrise

For central banks, the financial crisis 2008 led to new insights, but it also confirmed old insights. Old insights that were confirmed concern crisis management, namely the necessity and effectiveness of the central bank’s role as a lender of last resort. The fact that the Fed could not play this role in the case of Lehman Brothers is an important reason why the crisis worsened significantly. New…

Bankgeschäfte nach der Krise: Safer, simpler, fairer?

Ten years after the global financial crisis, the Financial Stability Board reports that regulation has built a «safer, simpler and fairer financial system». While there are indeed notable improvements in the regulatory architecture, the question remains whether banking, as seen from a retail customer perspective, has become safer, simpler, and fairer. This article argues that, overall, retail…

Vertrauen, Kredit und Kreditsicherheiten

The relationship between creditor and debtor has often been described as a quintessential relationship based on trust, as evidenced by etymological origin of the term credit. Credit relationships are indeed shaped by the risk of opportunistic behavior of the debtor and principal agent problems. Limiting these risks by providing adequate incentives for cooperative behavior is a key objective in…

Risikobegriff in der Ökonomie und im Recht

Risks need to be recorded, measured and monitored. The story of risk has its roots in the calculation of likelihood and is closely connected to the insurance business. Shortly thereafter, regulation was added in. Nevertheless, the market economy system is based on risks and opportunities. It follows that the concept of risk in economics is largely quantitative and focussed on likelihood. In…

Finanzinnovationen und Risikotransfer auf Kapitalmärkten: Grundsätzliches und Aktuelles

Since centuries capital markets play a key role in the allocation of risk. They improve the possibilities for individuals as well as institutions to diversify or transfer part of their risks more efficiently. Over the years, many innovations – in terms of contracts, processes or institutions – have contributed to improve this process by widening the range of risks covered by financial contracts…

Das Finanzmarktstrafrecht der Schweiz – Status quo unter Einbezug der neusten Gesetzesänderungen, des internationalen Einflusses sowie der anstehenden Neuerungen

The incidents that contributed to the financial crisis and as outcome of this the increase of regulatory density, led as expected also to a rise of criminal provisions. As a result the penal situation for the financial market participants is becoming more and more complex. This overview of the financial market criminal law in Switzerland includes most recent legislative amendments, inter alia the…

Internationale Standards in den Vorlagen zur neuen Finanzmarktarchitektur

The present article provides an overview of the international financial market architecture with a focus on global standards issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB). It discusses the major advantages as well as the disadvantages of such standards and illustrates their implementation into the Swiss legislation based on specific examples…

Das Finanzmarktaufsichtsrecht Mitte 2014 bis ins vierte Quartal 2015

«Jedes Modell stösst an seine Grenzen»: Unter diesem Titel hat der FINMA-Direktor anlässlich der Jahresmedienkonferenz der Behörde vom 31. März 2015 «die allgemeine Modellgläubigkeit in der Bankenbranche» diagnostiziert.¹ Statt noch mehr und komplexere Modelle wünscht er sich «weniger und einfachere Modelle». Angesichts des Umstandes, dass interne Modelle zur Berechnung der…