Suchergebnisse für competition law

Der Kundenschutz und die FINMA – heute und morgen

To effectively protect financial market clients, an integrated approach combining prudential and conduct supervision is most conducive to achieving the desired results. It has already been applied in principles-based Swiss financial market regulation and supervision and is practised in a risk-oriented manner. Besides public financial market law, further aspects such as civil law and criminal law…

Mystery Shopping als Teil der Compliance

In this paper we argue that mystery shopping shall be part of the compliance in the financial services industry. Laws like FIDLEG try to regulate the conduct of ­financial service providers, which is checked by written documentation. However, there are substantial doubts that those documents do not correctly reflect the interaction between advisor and customer. Based on the­ ­example of the…

Verhaltenspflichten des Verwaltungsrats

E. verkaufte seinem Sohn F. im Jahr 1999 die Aktienmehrheit an der C. AG (nachfolgend Kaufvertrag 1). Zwischenzeitlich erwarb F. auch noch die restlichen Aktien der C. AG. Die C. AG hält rund 70% der…

Daten als Entgelt

The use of personal data as payment means in con­tractual relations is an economic reality that does not contradict the legal framework. In exchange for digital content a data subject may provide personal data to the supplier agreeing to have used them for further data processing. Under Swiss law, such kind of values’ exchange can be qualified as innominate contract that encompasses continuing…

In the Business of Influence: Contractual Practices and Social Media Content Monetisation

In 2018, 300 hours of content were uploaded on Youtube every minute. Most of it is generated by regular people who share content for a living, and those who amass enough followers are known as influencers. Traditionally, media laws have controlled aired content. Nowadays, broadcasting decentralisation and social media trends such as influencer marketing challenge the rationale and application of…

Auf dem Weg zu einer digitalen Wettbewerbsordnung – Reaktionen des deutschen Gesetzgebers

Germany changed the Act against Restraints of Competition in 2017, partly in order to give a regulatory answer to the changes of the digital economy. The legislator answered to multi-sided markets with network effects, data-driven business models and the rise of «super platforms». Reforms related to the definition of market and the criteria for market power. A new merger threshold was introduced…

Algorithmen als Anlass für einen neuen Absprachebegriff?

Traditionally, cartels are concluded between natural persons whose behaviour then is imputed to the firms they are acting for. How shall we assess restrictions of competition emanating not from humans, but from algorithms? Long-established definitions of agreements as «concurrence of wills» or «meeting of the minds» do not fit well to the output of machines. Therefore, competition law is…

Pouvoir de marché dans le secteur numérique: l’accès à de larges quantités de données est-il suffisant?

In the digital sector, access to large sets of data may provide strategic advantages and thus raises the question as to whether it may be the source of market power within the meaning of competition law. In light of recent case law, we argue that access to big data may confer such power only when particular conditions are met. The data at stake should notably be correlated to specific users. In…

Seuils d’intervention ou examen ex post pour le contrôle des concentrations dans les marchés digitalisés?

Digital markets are open in principle. But network effects may rapidly favour the first successful entrant and establish high entry barriers for followers. In addition, the exchanges are often valued in data access rather than in traditional money terms. These characteristics challenge our merger control regimes. Mandatory notification systems are particularly vulnerable since merger projects in…

Digitalisierung wettbewerbsrechtlicher Verfahren?

Competition Law proceedings regularly last very long and only limitedly take into account new possibilities for the use of information technology. On the other hand, online procedures have already become more widespread in private dispute resolution and RegTech is being promoted as a new instrument for the exchange of information in the financial market sector. Although it is not possible to…