Suchergebnisse für evidence

Innovation in Pharmaceutical Mergers: Looking for a Miracle Cure?

The European Commission’s approach to analysing the negative effects of a merger on competition has recently changed. Whereas for years, competition authorities have mainly focused on the effects of a merger on prices, the impact on output, or the creation or strengthening of a dominant position in a given market, they are now examining the effects of a merger on innovation. The analysis of the…

Aktienrechtsrevision und Handelsregister

The biggest change in registration is probably the move away from registration as an anti-proxy transaction by introducing various proxy options. With the revision of stock corporation law, the documentary evidence principle was retained in principle. Pursuant to Art. 937 of the Swiss Code of Obligations, the Commercial Registry Office must verify, both at the time of incorporation and in the…

Eigentümerstrukturen von Schweizer Aktiengesellschaften

The ownership structure of a corporation is in many respects a crucial determinant from a corporate governance perspective. In finance and business economics, a large variety of theoretical and empirical work has focused on corporate ownership structures and their implications. In the legal field, however, the topic has been rather neglected so far. This article provides an empirical study of…

Intelligence artificielle: la titularité des données

Data are at the heart of AI systems. Without data, AI systems are valueless. Data come into play at different phases, both at the input level (training sets, validating sets, testing sets), as well as at the output level. Although the Proposal for AI Regulation released on 21 April 2021 by the European Commission offers a promising regulatory framework as to the governance related to the design…

Fairnessregeln für Mitarbeiterbefragungen in internen Untersuchungen bei Banken

Internal investigations are the appropriate instrument for banks to clarify misconduct within the company. Like other companies, they are obliged to this «catharsis». The core element of internal investigations are the so-called «employee interviews». These interviews can represent a conflict situation for the company em­ployees. In principle, there is a duty to cooperate and to tell the truth…

Sociétés hybrides, entreprises sociales, B-Corp: Le droit suisse est-il approprié?

Entrepreneurs have to increasingly navigate in a world where they cannot ignore their accountability towards the SDGs and society in general. Companies in fact are expected to consider the interests of all stakeholders, and management is required to adopt a long-term and sustainable vision, in which making profits goes hand in hand with the necessity to create a positive impact. This trend is…

Corporate Governance et liberté d’organisation

The question of limits to contractual freedom in corporate law is intensively discussed in connection with corporate governance. In that context, the tension between authority and accountability of the board of directors and the best way to address this issue in corporate law are two of the most controversial topics. Over these last years, the trend in almost all jurisdictions has been to…

Transparence des traitements de données personnelles opérés par les organes fédéraux: un pas en avant, deux en arrière

The recent revisions of European data protection instruments have been marked by the desire to give data subjects back control over their data, in particular by improving the transparency of data processing. The same desire for enhanced visibility and intelligibility has motivated the Swiss legislator in the revision of the Data Protection Act. The fact remains that the objective has only been…

Können Investitionskontrollen für gleich lange Spiesse sorgen?

Amidst global protectionist tendencies and in view of major takeovers by foreign state-controlled companies calls for increased public control of foreign investment have been getting louder around the globe. Most recently, the Swiss parliament approved a motion obliging the Swiss government to prepare a draft bill regarding foreign investment screening. Apart from national security concerns,…

Dokumentenherausgabe nach FIDLEG vs. datenschutzrechtliche Auskunftserteilung

The claim for disclosure according to FinSA is supposed to enable the customer to obtain evidence to effectively enforce his or her rights from the contractual relationship with the financial service provider. The right to request information according to FADP is meant to enable the data subject to control his or her personal data and thus to protect and enforce his or her personal rights…